MySQL 5.5.28

MySQL 是一款開源且由 community-driven RDBMS，為儲存、管理與檢索數據提供強大且具可擴展性的平台。

它以速度快、可靠性高且易於使用而聞名，使其成為小型應用程式與大型企業系統的理想選擇。

由 Oracle Corporation 開發，MySQL Community Server 提供了一套完整的工具與功能，讓開發者能夠輕鬆建構動態且由數據驅動的應用程式。

Key Features

Scalability
它能處理海量數據，並可毫不費力地擴展以滿足日益增長的需求。

Performance
憑藉優化的 Query Execution 與 Indexing 技術，它能確保快速的數據檢索與處理速度。

Security
它提供多種 Authentication 機制與 Encryption 選項，以保護敏感數據的安全。

High Availability
它支援 Replication 與 Clustering，可實現冗餘備援並確保數據的持續可用性。

Flexibility
MySQL 相容於多種作業系統並支援多種程式語言，具有極高的通用性。

User Interface

MySQL Database Server 主要透過 Command-line Interface (CLI) 運作，適合經驗豐富的使用者與開發者。

然而，許多第三方工具提供了 Graphical User Interface (GUI)，簡化了資料庫管理任務，例如建立表格、執行查詢以及監控效能。

常見的 GUI 選項包括 phpMyAdmin, MySQL Workbench 以及 Navicat。

Installation and Setup

它為 Windows, macOS 與 Linux 等主流作業系統提供安裝套件。

安裝過程非常簡單，通常只需執行安裝程式並按照提示操作即可。

在設定過程中，使用者可以配置資料庫設定、定義存取權限以及指定儲存選項。

此外，它也可以作為 Web 開發 Stack 的一部分（例如 XAMPP 或 WAMP）進行安裝，以建立完整的開發環境。

How to Use

為了有效地使用 MySQL，使用者應對 SQL (Structured Query Language) 以及資料庫管理原則有基本的了解。

它提供豐富的 SQL 指令集用於建立、檢索、更新與刪除數據。開發者可以使用專用的 Connector 與 Library 將 MySQL 整合至其選擇的程式語言中，例如 Java 的 MySQL Connector/J 或 Python 的 MySQL Connector/Python。

目前有大量的官方文件與線上資源可幫助使用者學習並精通 MySQL 的功能。

FAQ

Q: 我可以將現有的資料庫遷移到 MySQL Community Server 嗎？
A: 可以，它提供了將資料庫從其他 RDBMS（如 Oracle, SQL Server 和 PostgreSQL）遷移的工具與公用程式。

Q: MySQL 適合大型應用程式嗎？
A: 絕對適合！MySQL 的 Scalability 與 Performance 使其成為管理企業級應用程式數據的絕佳選擇。

Q: 免費開源版本的 MySQL 有任何限制嗎？
A: 開源版本提供了豐富的功能，但若需要進階功能（如即時分析與企業級支援），使用者可以考慮訂閱制且功能更強大的 MySQL Enterprise Edition。

Q: 我可以防止未經授權的存取來保護我的 MySQL 資料庫嗎？
A: 可以，它提供了強大的安全功能，包括 User Authentication、Access Control 與 Encryption 機制，以保護您的數據免於未經授權的存取。

Q: MySQL 支援 Stored Procedures 和 Triggers 嗎？
A: 是的，它支援 Stored Procedures, Triggers 以及 Functions，允許開發者在資料庫內執行複雜的操作並自動化任務。

Alternatives

雖然 MySQL Database Server 在 RDBMS 市場佔據主導地位，但仍有其他替代方案可供選擇，且各有其獨特功能與優勢。值得關注的替代產品包括：

Microsoft SQL Server: 針對 Windows 平台設計，提供強大的企業級功能、與 Microsoft 產品的無縫整合以及卓越的 Scalability。

PostgreSQL: 以注重標準合規性與進階功能著稱，是一款適用於複雜數據場景的強大開源 DBMS。

Oracle Database: 作為商業 RDBMS，提供極高性能、進階安全性和廣泛的管理工具，適合大型企業級應用。

SQLite: 理想的小型輕量化應用選擇，是一款 Serverless DBMS，在簡便性、可移植性與零配置部署方面表現出色。

Pricing

MySQL 主要分為兩個版本：Community Edition (免費開源) 與 Enterprise Edition (商業版，提供額外功能與支援)。

Community Edition 是大多數使用者的熱門選擇，而 Enterprise Edition 則需要訂閱，並提供量身打造的企業級進階功能。

此外，他們還提供以下產品：

• MySQL HeatWave
• MySQL Enterprise Edition
• MySQL Standard Edition
• MySQL Classic Edition
• MySQL Cluster CGE
• MySQL Embedded (OEM/ISV)

System Requirements

MySQL 的系統需求依據所使用的作業系統與版本而異。

一般而言，它支援 Windows, macOS 以及各種 Linux 發行版。

根據資料庫的大小與複雜程度，需要充足的磁碟空間、記憶體與處理能力。

PROS

• 開源且免費的 Community Server Edition
• 高效能與高 Scalability
• 強大的安全功能
• 豐富的文件紀錄與活躍的社群支援
• 相容於多種程式語言

CONS

• Command-line Interface 對初學者來說可能較具挑戰性
• 部分進階功能僅限於 Enterprise Edition
• 複雜的設定可能需要額外的配置與優化

Conclusion

MySQL Community Server 是一款可靠且功能豐富的 RDBMS，在管理關聯式資料庫方面享有盛名。其速度、Scalability 與通用性使其適用於從小型專案到企業級系統的各種應用。

雖然 Command-line Interface 對初學者而言可能需要一定的學習曲線，但 GUI 工具的出現簡化了資料庫管理流程。憑藉龐大的社群與詳盡的文件，它將繼續作為軟體開發生態系統中的核心工具。無論您是開發者、數據分析師還是企業主，MySQL 都能讓您高效地組織與存取數據，為您的專案與計畫帶來成功。

Also Available: MySQL for Mac

Download MySQL Latest Version Why is this app published on FileHorse? (More info)

# Functionality Added or Changed
* The internal interface of the Thread Pool plugin has changed. Old versions of the plugin will work with current versions of the server, but versions of the server older than 5.5.28 will not work with current versions of the plugin.
# Bugs Fixed
* InnoDB: Certain information_schema tables originally introduced in MySQL 5.6 are now also available in MySQL 5.5 and MySQL 5.1: INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE, INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU, and INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS.
* InnoDB: When a SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, UPDATE, or other SQL statement scanned rows in an InnoDB table using a < or <= operator in a WHERE clause, the next row after the affected range could also be locked. This issue could cause a lock wait timeout for a row that was not expected to be locked. The issue occurred under various isolation levels, such as READ COMMITTED and REPEATABLE READ.
* Partitioning: For tables using PARTITION BY HASH or PARTITION BY KEY, when the partition pruning mechanism encountered a multi-range list or inequality using a column from the partitioning key, it continued with the next partitioning column and tried to use it for pruning, even if the previous column could not be used. This caused partitions which possibly matched one or more of the previous partitioning columns to be pruned away, leaving partitions that matched only the last column of the partitioning key.
- This issue was triggered when both of the following conditions were met:
> The columns making up the table's partitioning key were used in the same order as in the partitioning key definition by a SELECT statement's WHERE clause as in the column definitions;
> The WHERE condition used with the last column of the partitioning key was satisfied only by a single value, while the condition testing some previous column from the partitioning key was satisfied by a range of values.
An example of a statement creating a partitioned table and a query against this for which the issue described above occurred is shown here:
CREATE TABLE t1 (
c1 INT,
c2 INT,
PRIMARY KEY(c2, c1)
) PARTITION BY KEY() # Use primary key as partitioning key
PARTITIONS 2;
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c2 = 2 AND c1 <> 2;
This issue is resolved by ensuring that partition pruning skips any remaining partitioning key columns once a partition key column that cannot be used in pruning is encountered.
* Partitioning: The buffer for the row currently read from each partition used for sorted reads was allocated on open and freed only when the partitioning handler was closed or destroyed. For SELECT statements on tables with many partitions and large rows, this could cause the server to use excessive amounts of memory. This issue has been addressed by allocating buffers for reads from partitioned tables only when they are needed and freeing them immediately once they are no longer needed. As part of this fix, memory is now allocated for reading from rows only in partitions that have not been pruned.
* Replication: On 64-bit Windows platforms, values greater than 4G for the max_binlog_cache_size and max_binlog_stmt_cache_size system variables were truncated to 4G. This caused LOAD DATA INFILE to fail when trying to load a file larger than 4G in size, even when max_binlog_cache_size was set to a value greater than this.
* Replication: In master-master replication with --log-slave-updates enabled, setting a user variable and then performing inserts using this variable caused the Exec_master_log_position column in the output of SHOW SLAVE STATUS not to be updated.
* The RPM spec file now also runs the test suite on the new binaries, before packaging them.
* The libmysqlclient_r client library exported symbols from yaSSL that conflict with OpenSSL. If a program linked against that library and libcurl, it could crash with a segmentation fault.
* The argument for LIMIT must be an integer, but if the argument was given by a placeholder in a prepared statement, the server did not reject noninteger values such as '5'.
* The Thread Pool plugin did not respect the wait_timeout timeout for client sessions.
* CHECK TABLE and REPAIR TABLE could crash if a key definition differed in the .frm and .MYI files of a MyISAM table. Now the server produces an error.
* A query for a FEDERATED table could return incorrect results when the underlying table had a compound index on two columns and the query included an AND condition on the columns.
* mysqlhotcopy failed for databases containing views.
* The argument to the --ssl-key option was not verified to exist and be a valid key. The resulting connection used SSL, but the key was not used.
* Adding a LIMIT clause to a query containing GROUP BY and ORDER BY could cause the optimizer to choose an incorrect index for processing the query, and return more rows than required.
* mysqlbinlog did not accept input on the standard input when the standard input was a pipe.