MySQL 5.6.24

MySQL 是一套開源且由社群驅動的關聯式資料庫管理系統，主要用來儲存、管理與檢索數據，並以速度快、可靠性高和易於使用著稱。它最鮮明的特色在於具備高度的可擴展性，能從小型應用一路撐起大型企業系統，同時提供最佳化的查詢執行與索引技術，確保資料處理效率；安全性方面也內建多種驗證與加密機制，並支援複寫與叢集以達成高可用性。目前由 Oracle 持續維護，更新相當活躍，在同類開發者工具中屬於主流首選，使用者評價普遍不錯，累積的評分人數也相當可觀。

這套軟體適合需要建構資料驅動應用程式的開發者，無論是網站後端、企業內部系統或數據分析平台，都能派上用場。它主要透過命令列介面運作，對熟悉指令的進階使用者較友善，但市面上有許多第三方圖形介面工具可補足操作門檻。與同分類的 BlueStacks、Turbo C++ 或 VMware 等工具相比，MySQL 專注於資料庫核心服務，並非整合開發環境或虛擬化方案，取捨上更偏向純粹的資料層需求。授權為開源軟體，提供 Windows 與 macOS 版本，但介面僅支援英文，使用前需留意語系與操作習慣。

MySQL 是一款開源且由 community-driven RDBMS，為儲存、管理與檢索數據提供強大且具可擴展性的平台。

它以速度快、可靠性高且易於使用而聞名，使其成為小型應用程式與大型企業系統的理想選擇。

由 Oracle Corporation 開發，MySQL Community Server 提供了一套完整的工具與功能，讓開發者能夠輕鬆建構動態且由數據驅動的應用程式。

Key Features

Scalability
它能處理海量數據，並可毫不費力地擴展以滿足日益增長的需求。

Performance
憑藉優化的 Query Execution 與 Indexing 技術，它能確保快速的數據檢索與處理速度。

Security
它提供多種 Authentication 機制與 Encryption 選項，以保護敏感數據的安全。

High Availability
它支援 Replication 與 Clustering，可實現冗餘備援並確保數據的持續可用性。

Flexibility
MySQL 相容於多種作業系統並支援多種程式語言，具有極高的通用性。

User Interface

MySQL Database Server 主要透過 Command-line Interface (CLI) 運作，適合經驗豐富的使用者與開發者。

然而，許多第三方工具提供了 Graphical User Interface (GUI)，簡化了資料庫管理任務，例如建立表格、執行查詢以及監控效能。

常見的 GUI 選項包括 phpMyAdmin, MySQL Workbench 以及 Navicat。

Installation and Setup

它為 Windows, macOS 與 Linux 等主流作業系統提供安裝套件。

安裝過程非常簡單，通常只需執行安裝程式並按照提示操作即可。

在設定過程中，使用者可以配置資料庫設定、定義存取權限以及指定儲存選項。

此外，它也可以作為 Web 開發 Stack 的一部分（例如 XAMPP 或 WAMP）進行安裝，以建立完整的開發環境。

How to Use

為了有效地使用 MySQL，使用者應對 SQL (Structured Query Language) 以及資料庫管理原則有基本的了解。

它提供豐富的 SQL 指令集用於建立、檢索、更新與刪除數據。開發者可以使用專用的 Connector 與 Library 將 MySQL 整合至其選擇的程式語言中，例如 Java 的 MySQL Connector/J 或 Python 的 MySQL Connector/Python。

目前有大量的官方文件與線上資源可幫助使用者學習並精通 MySQL 的功能。

FAQ

Q: 我可以將現有的資料庫遷移到 MySQL Community Server 嗎？
A: 可以，它提供了將資料庫從其他 RDBMS（如 Oracle, SQL Server 和 PostgreSQL）遷移的工具與公用程式。

Q: MySQL 適合大型應用程式嗎？
A: 絕對適合！MySQL 的 Scalability 與 Performance 使其成為管理企業級應用程式數據的絕佳選擇。

Q: 免費開源版本的 MySQL 有任何限制嗎？
A: 開源版本提供了豐富的功能，但若需要進階功能（如即時分析與企業級支援），使用者可以考慮訂閱制且功能更強大的 MySQL Enterprise Edition。

Q: 我可以防止未經授權的存取來保護我的 MySQL 資料庫嗎？
A: 可以，它提供了強大的安全功能，包括 User Authentication、Access Control 與 Encryption 機制，以保護您的數據免於未經授權的存取。

Q: MySQL 支援 Stored Procedures 和 Triggers 嗎？
A: 是的，它支援 Stored Procedures, Triggers 以及 Functions，允許開發者在資料庫內執行複雜的操作並自動化任務。

Alternatives

雖然 MySQL Database Server 在 RDBMS 市場佔據主導地位，但仍有其他替代方案可供選擇，且各有其獨特功能與優勢。值得關注的替代產品包括：

Microsoft SQL Server: 針對 Windows 平台設計，提供強大的企業級功能、與 Microsoft 產品的無縫整合以及卓越的 Scalability。

PostgreSQL: 以注重標準合規性與進階功能著稱，是一款適用於複雜數據場景的強大開源 DBMS。

Oracle Database: 作為商業 RDBMS，提供極高性能、進階安全性和廣泛的管理工具，適合大型企業級應用。

SQLite: 理想的小型輕量化應用選擇，是一款 Serverless DBMS，在簡便性、可移植性與零配置部署方面表現出色。

Pricing

MySQL 主要分為兩個版本：Community Edition (免費開源) 與 Enterprise Edition (商業版，提供額外功能與支援)。

Community Edition 是大多數使用者的熱門選擇，而 Enterprise Edition 則需要訂閱，並提供量身打造的企業級進階功能。

此外，他們還提供以下產品：

• MySQL HeatWave
• MySQL Enterprise Edition
• MySQL Standard Edition
• MySQL Classic Edition
• MySQL Cluster CGE
• MySQL Embedded (OEM/ISV)

System Requirements

MySQL 的系統需求依據所使用的作業系統與版本而異。

一般而言，它支援 Windows, macOS 以及各種 Linux 發行版。

根據資料庫的大小與複雜程度，需要充足的磁碟空間、記憶體與處理能力。

PROS

• 開源且免費的 Community Server Edition
• 高效能與高 Scalability
• 強大的安全功能
• 豐富的文件紀錄與活躍的社群支援
• 相容於多種程式語言

CONS

• Command-line Interface 對初學者來說可能較具挑戰性
• 部分進階功能僅限於 Enterprise Edition
• 複雜的設定可能需要額外的配置與優化

Conclusion

MySQL Community Server 是一款可靠且功能豐富的 RDBMS，在管理關聯式資料庫方面享有盛名。其速度、Scalability 與通用性使其適用於從小型專案到企業級系統的各種應用。

雖然 Command-line Interface 對初學者而言可能需要一定的學習曲線，但 GUI 工具的出現簡化了資料庫管理流程。憑藉龐大的社群與詳盡的文件，它將繼續作為軟體開發生態系統中的核心工具。無論您是開發者、數據分析師還是企業主，MySQL 都能讓您高效地組織與存取數據，為您的專案與計畫帶來成功。

Also Available: MySQL for Mac

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# Bugs Fixed
- InnoDB: A TRUNCATE TABLE operation on a temporary table raised an assertion. The temporary table object was incompletely constructed when reloaded from SYS_TABLES.
- InnoDB: A full-text phrase search returned an incorrect result. An empty string was handled incorrectly when tokenizing a newly inserted row.
- InnoDB: Optimizing a FULLTEXT index raised an assertion. The last optimized word of a FULLTEXT index is stored in the CONFIG table value column which is defined as CHAR(50). An assertion was raised when the last optimized word was greater than 50 characters in length. The CONFIG table value column is defined as CHAR(200) as of MySQL 5.6.24 and MySQL 5.7.6.
- If your innodb_ft_max_token_size setting is greater than 50, it is recommended that you recreate existing InnoDB FULLTEXT indexes after upgrading to MySQL 5.6.24 or MySQL 5.7.6 to avoid this issue. FULLTEXT indexes created after upgrading to MySQL 5.6.24 or MySQL 5.7.6 are unaffected.
- InnoDB: An InnoDB memcached extra_col_value[] array was freed without checking the allocated flag, causing a server exit.
- InnoDB: A DML operation performed while a flushing operation was in progress raised a memcached-related assertion.
- InnoDB: The memcached process_arithmetic_command raised an assertion. The wrong error code was returned for a nonexistent decr key.
- InnoDB: The expiration time (exptime) defined using the memcached set command was ignored. InnoDB memcached set the expiration time to an interval value instead of a system time value.
- InnoDB: An assertion was raised when the full-text search fts_savepoint_release() function released a named transaction savepoint and all subsequent savepoints. Only the initial savepoint should be released.
- InnoDB: A full-text search optimization operation raised an assertion.
- InnoDB: Due to a regression introduced in MySQL 5.6.20, mysqld stop did not stop the mysqld server process while the InnoDB memcached plugin was active.
- InnoDB: An ALTER TABLE ... RENAME failure on a table with a FULLTEXT index raised an assertion.
- InnoDB: A severe error occurred during the log apply phase of an online ALTER TABLE operation that was converting a table with a UTF-8 charset to ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT.
- InnoDB: When dummy tables are created, the autoinc_mutex member of the of the dict_table_t object was created unnecessarily. Similarly, the zip_pad.mutex object of dict_index_t object was created unnecessarily for dummy indexes. To avoid unnecessary mutex contention, autoinc_mutex and zip_pad.mutex objects are now allocated and initialized on the first lock attempt.
- InnoDB: An ALTER TABLE ... RENAME operation raised an invalid assertion. The assertion code used an incorrect transaction object.
- InnoDB: A memcached append operation on an INT column caused a segmentation fault. append operations on INT columns are not supported and are now blocked.
- Partitioning: A number of ALTER TABLE statements that attempted to add partitions, columns, or indexes to a partitioned table while a write lock was in effect for this table were not handled correctly.
- Partitioning: Executing an ALTER TABLE on a partitioned table on which a write lock was in effect could cause subsequent SQL statements on this table to fail.
- Replication: When replicating from a 5.7.6 or later server to a 5.6.23 or earlier server, if the older version applier thread encountered an Anonymous_gtid_log_event it caused an assert. The fix ensures that these new log events added in MySQL 5.7.6 and later do not cause this problem with 5.6.24 and later slaves. If gtid_mode is OFF and the applier thread encounters a Gtid_log_event, the applier thread aborts with an error. If gtid_mode is ON and the applier thread encounters a Anonymous_gtid_log_event, the applier thread aborts with an error.
- Replication: When the automatic_sp_privileges variable is set, the server automatically grants the EXECUTE and ALTER ROUTINE privileges to the creator of a stored routine, if the user does not already have these privileges. When a privileged user creates a procedure with DEFINER as a non privileged user on a master, the current user is considered to be a privileged user and the mysql.procs_priv table is not updated. When such a statement was replicated to slave, the non-privileged DEFINER was considered as the current user on the slave and privileges were being allocated. This caused a difference in the privileges that were being allocated on the master and the slave. The fix ensures that creater of the stored routine is added to the binary log, and the slave now checks first if the user exists before granting privileges. To maintain compatibility with previous versions, the DEFINER is used when the INVOKER is not available. As part of this fix, anonymous users can be used to replicate from master to slave.
- Replication: When using a slave configured to use a special character set such as UTF-16, UTF-32, or UCS-2, the receiver (I/O) thread failed to connect. The fix ensures that in such a situation, if a slave's character set is not supported then default to using the latin1 character set.
- Replication: When gtid_mode=ON and slave_net_timeout was set to a low value, the slave I/O thread could appear to hang. This was due to the slave heartbeat not being sent regularly enough when the dump thread found many events that could be skipped. The fix ensures that the heartbeat is sent correctly in such a situation.
- CMake failed to detect the OpenSSL version properly for recent versions of OpenSSL (the format of the version string changed).
- For execution of prepared statements, no check was made whether an audit log plugin returned an error, so statement success could erroneously be returned.
- Debian packages were missing some dependencies.
- Corrections were made for a number of code issues that resulted in compiler warnings about array bounds, possibly uninitialized variables, and variables being set but not used.
- Following execution of a GRANT ... WITH GRANT OPTION statement, execution of a prepared statement with a view could cause a server exit.
- NULL as an expression was not recognized as a literal for calculation of Performance Schema statement digests.
- A user with a name of event_scheduler could view the Event Scheduler process list without the PROCESS privilege.
- Trying to create a user after dropping columns from the mysql.user table could result in a server exit.
- Ordering by a GROUP_CONCAT() result could cause a server exit.
- A malformed mysql.proc table row could result in a server exit for DROP DATABASE of the database associated with the proc row.
- SHOW GRANTS after connecting using a proxy user could display the password hash of the proxied user.
- Large values of the transaction_prealloc_size system variable could cause the server to allocate excessive amounts of memory. The maximum value has been adjusted down to 128K. A similar change was made for transaction_alloc_block_size. Transactions can still allocate more than 128K if necessary; this change reduces the amount that can be preallocated, as well as the maximum size of the incremental allocation blocks.
- Certain queries on the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_FT_CONFIG table could cause a server exit.
- A server exit could occur for queries that compared two rows using the <=> operator and the rows belonged to different character sets.
- Certain InnoDB errors caused stored function and trigger condition handlers to be ignored.
- The optimizer could raise an assertion due to incorrectly associating an incorrect field with a temporary table.
- Audit log filtering was not applied to connection events.
- With audit_log_connection_policy=ERRORS, successful COM_QUIT events were errroneously written to the audit log.
- The value of the Audit_log_events status variable did not equal the sum of the other audit log counters.
- The Audit_log_events_filtered status variable did not increment when audit log events were filtered.
- Many new features were added to the audit log plugin in MySQL 5.6.20, but the version number was not increased. The version has been bumped to 1.1.
- The server could exit due to an optimizer failure to allocate enough memory for resolving outer references.
- If the audit log file was found to be corrupt at server startup, an appropriate error message was not always written. Also, if the plugin is loaded, it will be initialized regardless of whether the log was corrupt, except in the case that renaming the log file fails.
- Creating a FEDERATED table with an AUTO_INCREMENT column using a LIKE clause results in a server exit.
- The group_concat_max_len system variable could be set to its maximum value at runtime, but not in an option file.
- A server warning error message referred to the obsolete table_cache system variable rather than to table_open_cache. Thanks to Daniël van Eeden for the patch to fix some of the instances.
- In the DIGEST_TEXT column of Performance Schema statement events tables, references to system variables of the form @@var_name were stored as @ @ var_name.
- If the WITH_SSL CMake option was specified with an incorrect path to the SSL installation or the path to an unsupported (too old) SSL installation, the option was implicitly changed to the bundled value and yaSSL was used instead. Now CMake exits with an error so the user knows that the option value must be changed.
- mysql_real_connect() could close a file descriptor twice if the server was not running.
- Notification of events for the general log were received by the audit log plugin only of the general query log was enabled. Now notifications are posted regardless of whether the general query log is enabled.